Where Can I Purchase Powdered Sumac in San Luis Obispo County?

Related species of plants in the syndicate Anacardiaceae

Sumac Lineament mountain range: Ypresian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Sumac fruit in the autumn season
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Anacardiaceae
Subfamily:	Anacardioideae
Genus:	Rhus L.[1]
Type species
Rhus coriaria L.[2]
Species
About 35 species; see text edition
Synonyms[3]
List Duckera F.A.Barkley Festania Raf. Lobadium Raf. Melanococca Blume Neostyphonia Shafer Pocophorum Neck. Rhoeidium Greene Styphonia Nutt. Sumacus Raf. Thezera Raf. Turpinia Raf.

Sumac ( or ), also spelled sumach,^[a] is any of about 35 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus and related genera in the cashew phratr (Anacardiaceae). Sumacs grow in subtropical and temperate regions throughout the cosmos, including East Asia, Africa, and North America.^{[4] [5]} Sumac is victimized as a spicery, American Samoa a dye, and in medication.

Description [edit]

Sumacs are dioecious shrubs and small trees in the Anacardiaceae that can reach a height of 1–10 m (3.3–32.8 ft). The leaves are usually pinnately compound, though some species deliver trifoliate or simple leaves. The flowers are in dense panicles surgery spikes 5–30 cm (2.0–11.8 in) long, each flower very elflike, greenish, creamy Stanford White or red, with five petals. The fruits are blood-red, thin-fleshed drupes covered in varying levels of hairs at adulthood and form slow clusters at fork tips, sometimes called sumac bobs.

Sumacs propagate both by seminal fluid (spread by birds and other animals through their droppings), and away new shoots from rhizomes, forming large clonal colonies.

Taxonomy [edit]

The taxonomy of Rhus has a long story, with de Candolle proposing a subgeneric classification with 5 sections in 1825. At its largest circumscription, Rhus, with o'er 250 species, has been the largest genus in the family Anacardiaceae.

Other authors used subgenera and placed some species in separate genera, hence the usance of Rhus sensu lato and Rhus sensu stricto (s.s.). One classification uses two subgenera, Rhus (about 10 spp.) and Lobadium (about 25 spp.), while concurrently Cotinus, Duckera, Malosma, Metopium, Searsia and Genus Toxicodendron segregated to make up Rhus s.s.. Some other genera that take been segregated admit Actinocheita and Baronia. As defined, Rhus s.s. appears monophyletic by molecular phylogeny research. Nevertheless the subgenera do not appear to be monophyletic. The larger subgenus, Lobadium, has been divided further into sections, Lobadium, Terebinthifolia. and Styphonia (two subsections).^{[6] [7] [8]}

Selected species, past continent [edit]

Asia and southern Europe

• Rhus chinensis Mill. – Chinese sumac
• Genus Rhus coriaria – Tanner's sumach
• Genus Rhus delavayi Franchet

Australia, Peaceable

• Rhus taitensis Guill. (North-east Australia, Malesia, Micronesia, French Polynesia)
• Rhus sandwicensis A.Hoary – neneleau or Hawaiian sumac (Hawaii Island)

North America

• Rhus aromatica – musky sumac
• Rhus copallinum – winged or Rhus copallina
• Vinegar tree – vinegar tree
• Rhus integrifolia – lemonade shumac
• Genus Rhus kearneyi – Kearney sumac
• Rhus lanceolata – prairie sumac
• †Rhus malloryi Wolfe & Wehr – Ypresian, Washington
• Genus Rhus michauxii – Michaux's sumac
• Genus Rhus microphylla – desert sumach, littleleaf sumac
• Rhus ovata – sugar sumac
• †Rhus republicensis Flynn, DeVore, & Pigg-Ypresian, Washington
• †Rhus rooseae Manchester – Middle Eocene, Oregon
• Rhus trilobata Nutt. – skunkbush sumac
• Rhus typhina – staghorn sumac
• Rhus virens Lindh. ex A.Gray– evergreen sumac

South Africa

• Rhus crenata – dune crow-berry

Etymology [edit]

The word sumach traces its etymology from Old French sumac (13th hundred), from Mediaeval Italian region sumach, from Arabic summāq (سماق), from Syriac summāqa (ܣܘܡܩܐ)- meaning "red".^[9] The general name Rhus derives from Ancient Greek ῥοῦς (rhous), meaning "sumac", of unknown etymology; it was abutting with the verb ῥέω (rheō), "to flow rate", due to its sap, but this is directly unloved by scholars.^{[10] [11] [12]}

• 

  Drupes of a velvet sumac in Coudersport, Pennsylvania

• 

  A young branch of staghorn sumac

• 

  Winged sumac leaves and flowers

• 

  Iranian sumac

Cultivation and uses [blue-pencil]

Species including the fragrant sumac (R. aromatica), the littleleaf sumac (R. microphylla), the smooth sumac (R. glabra), and the staghorn sumac (R. typhina) are grown for ornament, either as the wild types or as cultivars.^{[13] [14] [15] [16]}

In intellectual nourishment [edit]

The dried fruits of some species are ground to garden truck a tangy, crimson spice popular in many countries.^{[17] [18]} Fruits are as wel used to realize a traditional "pinkish lemonade" drinkable by steeping them in piss, straining to remove the hairs that Crataegus oxycantha irritate the mouth or throat, sometimes adding sweeteners such as dearest or sugar. Most Rhus species hold back only decipher amounts of vitamin C and none should personify reasoned a dietary source of this nutrient. In comparative research, the fruits of Rhus coriaria were found to contain the highest levels of ascorbic acid at approximately 39 milligram/kg. (It therefore takes three pounds (1.36 kg) operating theater more than of sumac fruits to match the vitamin C content of a single mean lemon, at over 50 mg.) Sumac's tart flavor comes from altissimo amounts of malic sour.^[19]

The fruits (drupes) of Rhus coriaria are soil into a chromatic-purple powder used as a spiciness in Geographical region culinary art to add a tart, lemony taste to salads or meat.^[17] In Arab cuisine, it is used as a garnish along meze dishes such equally hommos and tashi, it is also commonly added to falafel. Syria uses the spice also, it is unrivaled of the chief ingredients of Kubah Sumakieh in Aleppo of Syria, it is added to salads in the Levant, likewise as being one of the main ingredients in the Palestinian dish musakhan. In Afghan, Armenian, Asian nation, Iraqi, Indian, Iranian, Mizrahi, and Pakistani cuisines, sumac is added to rice or kebab. In Armenian, Azerbaijani, Central Continent, Syrian, Jordanian, Lebanese, Israeli, Turkish cuisine and Kurdish, IT is added to salads, kebab and lahmajoun. Rhus coriaria is used in the spice mixture za'atar.^{[20] [21]}

During medieval times, primarily from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries, appeared in cookbooks frequently utilised by the affluent in Western Europe. Ace dish in particular called sumāqiyya, a stew made from sumac, was frequently anglicized as "somacchia" away Europeans.^[22]

In Northwesterly America, the Rhus glabra (R. glabra'), three-leaf sumac (R. trilobata), and staghorn sumac (R. typhina) are sometimes used to make a beverage termed "sumac-ade", "Indian lemonade", or "Rhus juice".^{[ quotation needed ]} This drink is made past soaking the drupes in cool water, detrition them to extract the sum, strain the liquid through a cotton, and sweetening it. Autochthonal Americans likewise use the leaves and drupes of these sumacs combined with tobacco in traditional smoking mixtures.^{[23] [24] [25]}

Dye and tanning agent [edit]

The leaves and barque of most shumac species contain high levels of tannins and have been used in the manufacturing of leather aside many cultures around the world. The Hebrew name og ha-bursaka'im means "tanner's sumac", as does the Latin name of R. coriaria. The leaves of doomed sumacs yield tannic acid (mostly pyrogallol-type), a marrow ill-used in vegetable tanning. Notable sources include the leaves of R. coriaria, Chinese gall along R. chinensis, and woodwind and roots of R. pentaphylla. Leather brunette with sumac is flexible, light in system of weights, and light in people of colour. One eccentric of leather successful with sumach tannins is morocco leather.^[26]

The dyeing property of shumac needed to be considered when it was shipped as a fine fine meat in sacks A a light cargo accompanying large cargoes such as marble. Sumac was especially dodgy to marble: "When sumac dust settles along white marble, the result is not right away apparent, but if it once becomes wet, or even damp, it becomes a powerful purple dye, which penetrates the marble to an extraordinary depth."^[27]

Traditional medicinal wont [redact]

Sumach was utilized as a discussion for several unlike ailments in medieval medicine, primarily in Geographic region and South Asian countries (where sumac was more readily available than in Europe). An 11th-century shipwreck off the slide of Rhodes, excavated by archeologists in the 1970s, contained commercial quantities of sumac drupes. These could make been intended for employ as medical specialty, as a culinary spice, or American Samoa a dyestuff.^[28] A clinical subject field showed that dietary sumac decreases the blood pressure in patients with hypertension and can follow used as adjunctive treatment.^[29]

Early uses [edit]

Some beekeepers use desiccated sumach bobs as a beginning of fuel for their smokers.^[30]

Shumac stems likewise stimulate a soft pith in the center that is well removed to make them useful in traditional Native American pipemaking. They were commonly exploited equally pipe stems in the northern United States.^[31]

Dried sumach wood fluoresces under long-moving ridge ultraviolet radiation.^[32]

Toxicity and control [edit]

Some species formerly recognized in Rhus, such A poison English ivy (Toxicodendron radicans, syn. Rhus Toxicodendron), poison oak tree (Toxicodendron diversilobum, syn. Genus Rhus diversiloba), and poison dogwood (Genus Toxicodendron vernix, syn. Rhus vernix caseosa), produce the allergen urushiol and can cause severe allergic reactions. Poison shumac may be known by its light-colored drupes, which are quite different from the red drupes of true Rhus species.

Mowing of sumach is non a good control mensuration, since the wood is springy, resulting in jaggy, acuate-pointed stumps when mown. The plant testament quickly reclaim with new ontogeny after mowing.^[33] Goats have prospicient been considered an efficient and promptly remotion method, as they eat the skin, which helps prevent new shoots. Sumach propagates by rhizome. Small shoots will be launch healthy near a more mature sumac tree via a shallow spouting root quite some distance from the principal Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree. Thus, root pruning is a means of manipulate without eliminating the plants completely.

Notes [redact]

1. ^ Past spellings include sumak, soumak, and sumaq.

References [edit]

1. ^ "Rhus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. U.S.A Department of Agriculture. 2009-11-23. Retrieved 2010-02-09 .
2. ^ "Rhus L." TROPICOS. Missouri Biology Garden. Retrieved 2010-02-09 .
3. ^ "Rhus L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
4. ^ 12. Rhus Linnaeus, Flora of Republic of China
5. ^ Rhus L., USDA PLANTS
6. ^ Miller et alii 2001.
7. ^ Pell 2004.
8. ^ Andrés-Hernández & Terrazas 2009.
9. ^ "sumac". www.etymonline.com . Retrieved 26 June 2020.
10. ^ "Rhus | Definition of Rhus by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com too meaning of Rhus". Lexico Dictionaries | English.
11. ^ "ῥοῦς - Ancient Greek (LSJ) 👍". lsj.gr.
12. ^ Totelin, Laurence M. V. (October 10, 2009). Hippocratic Recipes: Oral and Written Transmission of Pharmacological Knowledge in 5th- And Fourth-Century Greece. BRILL. ISBN978-9004171541 – via Google Books.
13. ^ "Plant Database: Rhus typhina". www.wildflower.org. 2015-06-18. Retrieved 2020-09-28 .
14. ^ "Plant Database: Smooth sumac". www.wild flower.org. 2017-12-12. Retrieved 2020-09-28 .
15. ^ "Industrial plant Database: Rhus aromatica". www.wildflower.org. 2017-11-03. Retrieved 2020-09-28 .
16. ^ "Flora database: Rhus microphylla". WWW.wild flower.org. 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2020-09-28 .
17. ^ ^{a b} One may use sumac as a tisane or tea substitute away stewing the desiccated leaves.Sumac - Ingredients - Taste.com.au
18. ^ Poison Sumach and Unspoiled Sumac Shrubs
19. ^ "Relation Hit the books on the Chemical Composition of Syrian Shumac ( Rhus coriaria L.) and Chinese Sumac ( Rhus typhina L.) Fruits".
20. ^ Christine Manfield, Charlie Trotter, Ashley Barber -Spice 2008 - Page 28 "Sumac This reddish ground zest is ready-made from the berries of the sumac bush,"
21. ^ Aliza Green Field Guide to Herbs & Spices: How to Identify, Select, and Economic consumption ... 2006 - Page 257 "In Lebanon, Syria, and Egypt, sumac is cooked with water to a thick tangy glue, which is added to inwardness and vegetable dishes; this method acting was also common in R.C. times. Sumac appears midmost eastern spicery mixture za'atar (page 288) ..."
22. ^ century?, Ibn Sayyār aluminium-Warrāq, Alabama-Muẓaffar ibn Naṣr, active 10th (2010). Annals of the Caliphs' kitchens : Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq's tenth-century Baghdadi cookbook. Brill. ISBN978-90-04-18811-2. OCLC 773412426.
23. ^ "BRIT Native American Ethnobotany Database, Rhus glabra".
24. ^ "BRIT Native American Ethnobotany Database, Rhus trilobata".
25. ^ "Briton Native American Ethnobotany Database, Rhus typhina".
26. ^ Jefferson Davis, Charles T. The Manufacture of Leather. Pub: Henry Carey Baird 1885. May be downloaded from: https://file away.org/details/manufactureoflea01davi
27. ^ Lee, King Arthur (1888). Marble and marble workers: a enchiridion for architects, artists, masons and students. London: Bing Crosby Lockwood & Son. p. 19.
28. ^ Bass part, George Fletcher; Allan, James W. (2003). Serçe Limanı: An Ordinal-century Shipwreck. Texas A&M University Weight-lift. p. 506. ISBN978-0-89096-947-2.
29. ^ Ardalani, Hamidreza; Moghadam, Maryam Hassanpour; Rahimi, Roja; Soltani, Jalal; Mozayanimonfared, Azadeh; Moradi, Mehdi; Azizi, Ali (2016). "Sumac as a original adjunctive treatment in hypertension: a randomized, double-protanopic, placebo-controlled clinical test". RSC Advances. 6 (14): 11507–11512. Bibcode:2016RSCAd...611507A. doi:10.1039/C5RA22840A.
30. ^ Avitabile, Alphonse. Sammataro, Diana. The Apiarist's Handbook. Publisher: Comstock 1998. ISBN 978-0801485039
31. ^ Lewis, Thomas H. The Medicine Men: Oglala Sioux Ceremony and Healing. Publisher: University of Nebraska Urge. 1992. ISBN 978-0803279391
32. ^ Hoadley, R. Robert the Bruce (2000). "Chapter 5: Other Properties of Sir Henry Joseph Wood". Savvy Wood: a Craftsman's Conduct to Wood Technology (2 male erecticle dysfunction.). Taunton Press. pp. 105–107. ISBN978-1-56158-358-4.
33. ^ Ortmann, John; Miles, Katherine L.; Stubbendieck, James H.; Schacht, Walter (1997). "Management of Smooth Shumac on Grasslands". University of Cornhusker State-Lincoln.

Advance reading [edit]

• RO Moffett. A Revise of South-central African Genus Rhus species FSA (Plant of Southbound Africa) vol 19 (3) Fascicle 1.
• Schmidt, Ernst; Lötter, Mervyn; McCleland, Robert Penn Warren (2002). Trees and Shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park. Jacana Media. ISBN978-1-919777-30-6.
• Andrés-Hernández, A. R.; Terrazas, Teresa (October 2009). "Leaf architecture of Rhus s.str. (Anacardiaceae)". Feddes Repertorium. 120 (5–6): 293–306. doi:10.1002/fedr.200911109.
• Miller, Allison J.; Young, David A.; Wen, Jun (2001). "Phylogeny and Biogeography of Rhus (Anacardiaceae) Based on ITS Sequence Information". Outside Journal of Plant Sciences. 162 (6): 1401–1407. doi:10.1086/322948. S2CID 85287571.
• Pell, Susan Katherine (Crataegus oxycantha 2004). Unit systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae) (PDF). Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana United States Department of State University. Archived from the original (PhD thesis) on 14 July 2010.

International links [edit]

• Media paternal to Genus Rhus at Wikimedia Commons

Where Can I Purchase Powdered Sumac in San Luis Obispo County?

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumac

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